Etymology
Pali - uparāja
Sanskrit - upa- (“inferior; deputy; vice”) + rāja (“king”); or ultimately from उपराज (uparāja)
Thai - उप- (upa-, “inferior; deputy; vice”) + राज (rāja, “king”). Cognate with อุปราช (ùp-bpà-ràat); Burmese ဥပရာဇာ (u.pa.raja); Lao ອຸບປະຫຣາດ (ʼup pa rāt), ອຸປະລາດ (ʼu pa lāt).